Overview of Technologies for Batteries for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

Two recent workshops sponsored by the US Department of Energy are reviewed. The first focused on phenomena that limit performance of batteries, on understanding interfacial phenomena, on how to make stable interfaces, and on the role nanomaterials can play in batteries. The second provided a critical review of the current status of vehicle simulation models, battery performance models, and models that describe fundamental process occurring in batteries. The paper includes synopses of the papers presented as well as discussion of the conclusions and recommendations from the workshops.