Off-highway vehicles (OHVs) in sectors such as mining, construction, and agriculture contribute significantly to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, particularly carbon dioxide (CO₂) and nitrogen oxides (NOₓ). Despite the growth of alternative fuels and electrification, diesel engines remain dominant due to their superior torque, reliability, and adaptability in harsh environments. This paper introduces a novel onboard exhaust capture and carbon sequestration system tailored for diesel-powered OHVs. The system integrates nano-porous filters, solid-state CO₂ adsorbents, and a modular storage unit to selectively capture CO₂ and NOₓ from exhaust gases in real time. Captured CO₂ is then compressed for onboard storage and potential downstream utilization—such as fuel synthesis, carbonation processes, or industrial sequestration.
Key innovations include:
A dual-function capture mechanism targeting both CO₂ and NOₓ
Lightweight thermal-regenerative adsorption materials
Integration with existing diesel aftertreatment systems
Simulation and bench-scale testing indicate up to 72% CO₂ capture efficiency under transient OHV duty cycles, with energy penalties managed below 6% of net engine output. The system offers a retrofit-compatible, scalable pathway to significantly reduce carbon emissions in hard-to-electrify sectors, serving as a bridge toward long-term carbon neutrality goals.