An Old Ford Escort 1.6 was Tested on a Chassis Dynamometer and Compared with a New Volvo V70 2.5, Using the Same Blends of Cottonseed Biodiesel and Neat Diesel

In this study the influence of various blends biodiesel on steady state exhaust emissions was determined using, in terms of technology, two different cars. A first series of tests were conducted in Greece and a second series of tests were conducted in Belgium. An old technology Ford Escort 86 model, 1.6L, 4 cylinders with indirect injection system engine was used on a chassis dynamometer in Greece and a Volvo V70 2.5L was tested in Belgium. The Ford Escort test car was not equipped with an engine Electronic Control Unit (ECU) and run on the dynamometer with full load on three different gear settings (second gear, third gear and fourth gear). The Belgian car was a modern Volvo V70 2.5 L Turbo diesel. Seven fuels were used in both cases, a high sulfur diesel in Greece, and blends of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% by weight biodiesel in neat diesel or (B10), (B20), (B30), (B40), (B50) and (B100) respectively. Fuel injection timing was held the same for the biodiesel blends and the baseline diesel fuel to eliminate the potential injection timing differences due to the different fuel heating values. The cottonseed oil was produced in Greece, then transferred to Belgium and converted to biodiesel. The only difference between these two set of tests conducted in two countries was the content of sulfur in neat diesel, since the Greek neat diesel was not lower than 50 ppm as the Belgian one. The same biodiesel was used from both labs and exhaust emissions were measured and presented in this paper. Measurements were taken in the span of more than one year and no major failure appeared in both cars. They were run under the same load conditions using a similar chassis dynamometer. Ambient temperatures and several other parameters were measured and presented in the paper.