Occupant Displacement Model for Restrained Adults in Vehicle Frontal Impacts

A meta-analysis was performed on existing occupant displacement data for three-point restrained adult subjects in staged frontal collisions. The biofidelity of cadavers and anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs^†) was scrutinized during this review. Additionally, the effects of occupant size and seat belt type were studied. This paper presents a practical mathematical model for assessing the maximum extent of occupant knee, hip and head motion in frontal vehicle collisions for a range of impact severities.