Numerical Simulation of Green Water on Fixed Structures Based on OpenFOAM

To analyze wave loads on fixed offshore structures during green water events, this study employs the open-source CFD software OpenFOAM to conduct numerical simulations of green water on fixed structural decks. A numerical wave tank is first established by developing wave generation models based on both the piston-type wavemaker method and the velocity-inlet method, and by implementing a damping wave-absorption model through modification of the two-phase flow solver interFoam. On this basis, an overset grid technique is adopted to represent the fixed structure, enabling the simulation of green water on the fixed structure. The results show that the second-order Stokes waves generated by both wave-making methods converge with mesh refinement, with the velocity-inlet method exhibiting higher accuracy. Under second-order Stokes wave action, the simulated wave loads on the fixed structure agree well with analytical solutions. The present work provides a reliable numerical approach for safety design and load evaluation of marine structures.