Nozzle Flow Simulation of GDi for Measuring Near-Field Spray Angle and Plume Direction

Experimental visualization of current gasoline direct injection (GDi) systems are even more complicated especially due to the proximity of spray plumes and the interaction between them. Computational simulations may provide additional information to understand the complex phenomena taking place during the injection process. Nozzle flow simulations with a Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) approach can be used not only to analyze the flow inside the nozzle, but also the first 2-5 mm of the spray. A methodology to obtain plume direction and spray angle from the simulations is presented. Results are compared to experimental data available in the literature. It is shown that plume direction is well captured by the model, whilst the uncertainty of the spray angle measurements does not allow to clearly validate the developed methodology.