Modeling and Measurement Techniques for Valve Spring Dynamics in High Revving Internal Combustion Engines

In this paper, models for valve spring dynamics are presented which cover:

1. (i)
   A simple modal approach for linear valve springs.
2. (ii)
   A detailed discrete non-linear model which is able to predict all important effects in progressive valve springs, including clash of interfering coils.
3. (iii)
   A new approach to handle a modal model of progressive springs in the frequency domain.

On the testing side, the development of specially designed transducers to back up the theoretical results is presented and the measured results are compared to the results from the different models.