Modeling Internal Node Impedance in High-Speed Rail Passenger Hubs Based on Queuing Theory

High-speed railway (HSR) hubs play a pivotal role in the integrated transport system, efficiently connecting various modes of transport and facilitating transport integration. Characterized by their large scale, complex functional spatial layouts, and diverse interchange types, these hubs see a growing proportion of passenger traffic annually. Thus, studying the interchange impedance in high-speed railway passenger transport hubs is crucial for enhancing interchange efficiency and service quality. However, current research lacks a quantitatively comparable impedance model for high-speed railway hubs, particularly under peak passenger flow conditions. This paper addresses this gap by examining the internal node impedance at Nanjing South Railway Station, focusing on the entry gate turnstile node and security check node. It begins by analyzing passenger passing behavior at these nodes and then constructs a integrated queuing model for inbound gates and security checks, considering the interdependencies between these systems. The model parameters are calibrated, and operational indices are calculated using survey data from the case station. The findings reveal that the security check service node is a critical point in the joint queuing system. The results of the study can inform improvements in the operational and management efficiency of high-speed railway hub stations.