Low-voltage electric vehicle with increased electrical safety and distributed charging system

Abstract - Reducing the high-voltage BEV to a household level of 120-240 volts is considered in the article as an effective means of solving the problems of electrical safety, maintenance and minor repairs of an electric vehicle in household conditions, distributed power supply of BEV with walking distance for the driver. The analysis of the low-voltage electric drive is performed under the assumption that the battery has a nominal voltage of 200 volts. The issues of transforming a high-voltage machine (400 volts) into a low-voltage one (200 volts) by switching the stator phase sections from serial to parallel connection without changing the overall and energy characteristics are considered. It is shown that a two-motor unit with induction machines with a capacity of 50 kilowatts can provide 100 kilowatts in long-term and up to 200 kilowatts in peak modes. The article considers the issues of implementing a low-voltage inverter and modern trends in distributed power supply for BEVs based on low- and medium-power charging units adapted to household electrical networks. The article contains an example of a three-phase charging device with adaptive power take-off for each phase, taking into account the instantaneous load of the network by household consumers. The article considers the issues of implementing a positive energy balance of the “BEV-charging unit-network” system using mobile energy storage devices based on the secondary use of car batteries. Keywords - Low-voltage electric vehicle; electrical safety; maintainability; distributed power supply; adaptation to living conditions.