Linear Monolithic Circuit Techniques

This paper is a general discussion of the basic circuit design techniques used in monolithic linear integrated circuits. Basic diode and transistor circuit behavior is defined, and basic general purpose circuits characteristic of monolithic designs are analyzed. These circuits include current sources and mirrors, differential amplifiers, d-c level-shift circuits, Darlington gain blocks, and output stages. The discussions are summarized by an analysis of a simplified CA741-type operational amplifier design.