Integration of 3D Human Models in the Vehicle Concept Development of BMW

This paper gives an overview of the current design process of BMW and the application of human models within this process. A distinction is made concerning 2½D and 3D methodologies and their applicability in the overall process. Advantages and disadvantages of these methodologies are discussed and the best practices for the different phases of the product development process are described. A proposal is made for a unified methodology of human models integrating 2½D and 3D approaches as well as hardware mock-ups and the measurement process for validation and target definition.