Induced Stirring at Lead Acid Battery Electrode Interfaces

Evidence has been adduced supporting the existence of induced interfacial stirring associated with the passage of current in flooded lead acid batteries. This interpretation is supported by measurements made under three distinct experimental conditions. First, the effect appears consistent with the modeling of the current response observed during constant voltage charging. Second, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurements show the effect of transitions between stirring and quiescent environments. Finally, studies using applied voltage pulses at microelectrodes further support this induced mass transfer condition.