Incorporation of an Empirical Icing Code in a Flight Simulator

The Sikorsky DELICE empirical icing code that calculates the effects of inflight icing on 2D lift, drag, and pitching moment increments has been adapted for use in Sikorsky's General Helicopter (GenHel) simulator code. DELICE was integrated into the GenHel main rotor, tail rotor, and horizontal and vertical stabilizer calculations, which allows GenHel to predict the effect of ice accretion on these surfaces on aircraft flight dynamics in trimmed and maneuvering flight. Deicing algorithms have also been included in the icing code to predict both the effect of a deicing system on aircraft flight dynamics in icing conditions and the effect of a failure in the deicing system. The GenHel icing code has been correlated with other icing predictions. It is believed that this is the first application of an icing code to a flight simulator, either for fixed-wing or rotary-wing applications. This paper describes the code development, inputs necessary to incorporate the icing code into GenHel, and results for several test cases, including cases for steady level flight and transient maneuvers.