Higher Orders of Tire Force Variations and Their Significance

A number of tires have been examined in terms of the higher orders of radial and fore-and-aft force variations. Presented in this paper are some typical values of higher orders as measured on a specially designed high-speed machine. These measurements are related to the following factors:

1. 1.
   Tire operating conditions.
2. 2.
   Tire construction variations.
3. 3.
   Influence of wheel and balance.
4. 4.
   Radial force correction.
5. 5.
   Ride evaluation.

With experience, emphasis has shifted to understanding how tire manufacturing introduces higher harmonic disturbances, and thereby improving tire production, and making better use of conventional uniformity grading equipment.