Helicopter Simulation Modeling Techniques for Meeting FAA AC120-63 Level D Qualification Requirements

Recent advances in technology have significantly expanded the capabilities and usefulness of helicopter full flight training simulators. In 1994, the FAA encouraged and challenged industry to take advantage of the emerging technology for use in training simulation by drafting the advisory circular AC120-63. FlightSafety International (FSI) has recently incorporated many of the advances in helicopter flight dynamics modeling and qualified three helicopter full flight simulators per AC120-63 requirements (two Level D’s and one Level C). This paper summarizes the history of helicopter training simulation at FSI and specifically outlines the methods used to qualify the Sikorsky S-76C+ to the new FAA AC120-63 Level D requirements. Included is a discussion on the multiple simulation techniques integrated into a seamless model to match static and dynamic time histories through the entire operational envelope of the S-76C+, from startup to shutdown. In addition to successfully meeting FAA time history requirements, subjective requirements were also met through numerous pilot-in-the-loop simulator evaluations. The challenge of training simulation modeling is to maintain theoretical and physical accuracy while allowing for objective and subjective adjustment.