Guidelines for Interior Material Selection to Enhance Thermal Safety in Electric Vehicles

Due to the rapid advancement of electric vehicles, the role of material selection has become very critical for ensuring passenger safety, particularly in mitigating risks associated with Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion) battery thermal runaway. Unlike internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, electric vehicles require interior materials that provide superior fire resistance, thermal insulation, and minimal smoke emission to protect vehicle occupants in extreme thermal events. This paper examines the importance of selecting fire-resistant materials, thermally stable polymers, and low-toxicity materials that can slow fire propagation, reduce interior temperatures, and reduce hazardous gas emissions. Through the integrating of materials with high thermal stability, self-extinguishing properties, and heat-reflective coatings, manufacturers can enhance vehicle interior safety, improve passenger protection, and optimize energy efficiency.