Field Operation Tests on Electric Vehicle Energy Consumption in Mountainous and Cold District

Electric vehicles usually have shorter cruising range because of their limited battery capacity. Various kinds of field operation tests on their user acceptance have been executed in all parts of the world. The authors carried out one-year field test using two types of EVs in the market. They were served for tourism use or general use. The field is mountainous area with a low population density and heavily snow-covered in the winter season. This paper mainly reports the impacts of road gradient and temperature change on their energy consumption (or electric mileage) in such severe driving environment for EV operation.