An Experimental ICE/Battery-Electric Hybrid with Low Emissions and Low Fuel Consumption Capability

A “compound” parallel ICE/battery-electric hybrid automobile has yielded emissions (gms/mi) less than 0.41 HC, 3.40 CO, and 1.0 NOx on the FDP when tested by the EPA. Fuel economy increased 50% on the FEC with partial battery depletion. The 4,100 lb. curb weight vehicle has a top speed over 70 mph, with 0-60 mph in 16 seconds. Low fuel consumption was not a goal in this vehicle. The requirement of 10 mpg was set in 1970 for the FCCIP. FE of 30 mpg or more is projected with known techniques for reducing fuel consumption.

A small ICE and a dc dynamotor (generator/motor) on the same shaft drive the vehicle through a conventional clutch and gears. HC and CO are reduced by a thermal reactor. EGR reduces NOx. The ICE operates with a quasi-constant manifold vacuum.

Analysis show that in commuter applications, fuel economy can be increased 60% with partial battery depletion, by hybridizing any conventional car. In a “second car” application, fuel economy can be increased 100% in comparison with conventional ICE vehicles of equal performance.