Exhaust Emissions from Malfunctioning Three-Way Catalyst-Equipped Automobiles

This paper summarizes two laboratory efforts to characterize exhaust emissions from three-way catalyst-equipped gasoline automobiles operating under malfunction conditions. Four automobiles were evaluated over three test cycles in an unmodified configuration and in four engines and/or emission control system malfunction configurations. Exhaust emission constituents measured, in addition to the currently regulated automobile emissions, include: particulates, sulfates, aldehydes, sulfides, amines, metals, and several additional elements and compounds.