In the pursuit of sustainable transportation and energy security, India is placing increased focus on addressing the multifaceted challenges associated with electric vehicle (EV) battery technology. As a cornerstone of EV performance and adoption, battery systems in India face critical issues such as high import dependency, limited local manufacturing capabilities, cost inefficiencies, safety concerns, and lack of standardized design frameworks. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of India's evolving battery ecosystem, emphasizing indigenous design, development, and scalable in-house manufacturing under the "Make in India" initiative. It examines supportive government policies, strategic public-private partnerships, and the pivotal role of research institutions in fostering innovation and overcoming original equipment manufacturers' (OEMs) and end-users' concerns. It also focus on prototype product development challenges. Through detailed case studies, technological reviews, and policy analysis, the study outlines the current landscape, key innovations, and institutional efforts driving battery self-reliance. The paper further explores emerging trends such as solid-state battery research, second-life applications, and recycling solutions aimed at minimizing environmental impact. Drawing insights from academic research, government schemes, and industry developments, this paper highlights the need for cohesive action and investment in R&D to strengthen India's domestic battery supply chain. Ultimately, the study offers policy and strategic recommendations for enhancing India's competitiveness in EV battery technology and accelerating its transition to clean, self-sustaining mobility.