European and U.S. Engine Design Concepts After Introduction of Unleaded Fuel in Europe

The impact of the new unleaded fuel qualities with significantly altered Octane numbers and new European emission standards on design philosophy of gasoline engines is discussed.

The design features of a new engine family show how the introduction of unleaded fuels has influenced engine concepts for the European market. The technologies which have become necessary and possible (catalytic emission control) for these concepts are mentioned. The difference between present European design concepts and future demands is shown.

A detailed presentation including development results demonstrates that the VW concept with knock control and fuel injection has a wide range of fuel tolerance. The advantages and main areas of application of concepts which include knock control are explained.