One of the challenges of Electric Vehicles (EVs) is to provide thermal comfort for the occupants while minimizing the energy consumption and the impact on the driving range. Conventional heating systems, such as Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) heaters, consume a large amount of battery power and reduce the efficiency of the EVs. Heat Pumps (HPs) are an alternative heating system that can divert heat from the ambient air and transfer it to the cabin. HPs can achieve higher Coefficient of Performance (COP) than PTC heaters and save energy. However, for Indian sub-continent conditions HPs have some drawbacks, such as low heating capacity at low ambient temperatures, and variable performance depending on the operating conditions. Therefore, it is important to design and control the HP system optimally.
This study employs 1D Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) modelling and simulation techniques to analyse the performance of heat pump systems within the confined environment of an EV cabin. The simulations explore various operating conditions and personalized comfort profiles to optimize the control strategy of the heat pump. By adapting to individual preferences and external environmental factors, the heat pump control system aims to enhance occupant comfort while minimizing energy consumption. The results indicate that the integration of adaptive thermal comfort principles in heat pump control systems enables significant improvements in both comfort levels and energy efficiency compared to conventional PTC heaters. The personalized comfort profiles allow for tailored temperature regulation, ensuring occupants experience optimal thermal conditions throughout their journey. Additionally, the adaptive control strategy optimizes the utilization of the heat pump, reducing energy wastage and extending the driving range of the EV.
In conclusion, the adoption of heat pump technology with personalized comfort profiles presents a promising approach to enhance the thermal management capabilities of electric vehicles. This study contributes to the ongoing efforts in advancing sustainable transportation by prioritizing occupant comfort and energy efficiency simultaneously.