Energy Management System for Input-Split Hybrid Electric Vehicle (Si-EVT) with Dynamic Coordinated Control and Mode-Transition Loss

Instantaneous optimization-based energy management systems (EMS) are getting popular since they can yield near-optimal performance in unknown driving situations with minimalistic tuning parameters. However, they often disregard the drivability score of the powertrain as a performance assessment criterion, and this leads to too frequent or even infeasible mode-transitions during the multi-mode operation of a hybrid electric powertrain. Aiming to bring down the mode-transition frequency below a feasible limit, this paper proffers an instantaneous optimization-based EMS, which also accounts for the energy lost during mode-transitions into the cost function along with the electrical and chemical energy losses. The energy lost during a single mode-transition event refers to the summation of change in rotational energy for all the prime-movers, i.e., internal combustion engine and electric machines. However, this approach will add another weighting factor for weighting the mode-transition loss term in the same equivalent scale used for weighting other loss terms too. A dynamic coordinated control prescribed in literature is also employed along with the EMS to enhance the drivability score of multi-mode hybrid electric powertrains. Simulation results corroborate the efficacy of the proffered EMS framework in ameliorating the drivability issues without sacrificing much in the fuel consumption and charge sustainability performances.