The Energy Loss of Tires on Twin Rolls, Drum, and Flat Roadway - A Uniform Approach

A general concept of tire energy loss is suggested, in which tire and roadway are considered a system, and tire energy loss is identified as the difference between input and output energies. From this concept, a uniform set of loss equations is derived covering not only the three commonly used test facilities, i.e., twin rolls, drum, and flat roadway, but also the major modes of tire operation including free-rolling, driving and braking. A few test results are discussed.