This study systematically investigates methods to enhance the fast-charging
capability of lithium-ion batteries through advanced simulation. The
electrochemical reaction mechanism, heat generation mechanism, and lithium
plating mechanism are analyzed in detail, and an electrochemical–thermal coupled
model incorporating a lithium plating sub-model is established. A hybrid
parameter identification strategy, combining random search, grid search, and
manual adjustment, is employed to calibrate the model across different operating
conditions, thereby improving its accuracy in reproducing real battery behavior.
Lithium plating is selected as the primary indicator to evaluate fast-charging
performance. Based on simulation results, the effects of both operational
parameters and structural parameters on lithium plating are thoroughly analyzed.
The results indicate that lower charging rates, elevated charging temperatures,
higher electrode porosity, and reduced tortuosity are favorable for suppressing
lithium plating. These conditions improve the uniformity of lithium deposition
while alleviating concentration gradients of lithium ions, thus offering
valuable insights for battery material design and practical applications.
Furthermore, optimized charging protocols are developed on the basis of
conventional strategies and their associated impacts on battery behavior. Two
novel approaches—the group-based optimized charging protocol and the adaptive
optimization-based charging protocol—are proposed by dynamically adjusting the
charging rate according to real-time electrochemical states. Validation on the
developed electrochemical–thermal model confirms that the proposed protocols can
achieve high-rate charging without inducing lithium plating. As a result,
charging time is significantly reduced while ensuring safety and reliability.
Overall, this research not only provides a comprehensive methodology for
modeling and parameter identification but also offers practical strategies for
protocol optimization. With solid-state batteries regarded as a promising future
technology, the present work provides a potential basis for their
advancement.