In the present work, Four-stroke DI diesel engine using Rape seed biodiesel was tested for performance and emissions characteristics. Compared to diesel, RSBD lowered the brake thermal efficiency by 5.7%, HC emissions by 28%, CO emissions by 23%, smoke emissions by 4%, and NOX emissions by 24%. To increase the thermal efficiency and to reduce the NOx emission using RSBD as fuel, the concept of thermal barrier coating on the piston was introduced along with 15% EGR. Due to the combined effort of oxygenated biodiesel and ceramic coating at the piston crown, the NOx emission increased significantly during the operation of the engine. Results show a 3.5% decrease in brake thermal efficiency, a 2.8% increase in HC emissions, a 4% increase in CO emissions, an additional 2% increase in smoke emissions, and a 6.2% increase in NOX emissions with a 15% EGR and TBC Piston over a standard diesel engine running on RSBD. Finally, the concept of turbocharger was used which increases the brake power of the engine to compensate the use of EGR and Biodiesel. The results show that Brake thermal efficiency was raised by 5.4%, HC emissions were decreased by 3%, CO emissions were reduced by 2.5%, smoke emissions were reduced by 2.5%, and NOX emissions were increased by 4% with turbocharger and TBC Piston compared to the normal diesel engine using RSBD as fuel. It is concluded that Biodiesels shows lower HC, CO, and smoke emissions, EGR reduces NOx emissions, and Turbocharger with TBC coated pistons boost brake thermal efficiency.