The measurement of dynamic forces is essential for the
determination of the best compromise between vehicle size, effect
on the roadway (especially in the vertical direction), and economic
considerations of road design in terms of construction and
transportation costs. The paper presents methods for determining
dynamic forces, roadway characteristics, stress-loading by the
transported goods, and dynamic forces and coefficients of
automobiles, with their corresponding limits, under various driving
conditions.
The results show that the dynamic effects of individual vehicle
categories can be reduced, namely:
a) conventional mounting of axles, especially for two-axle
automobiles, must be reconsidered whereby floating axles will not
always demonstrate reduced dynamic characteristics,
b) axle-mounting for buses and trailers must likewise be brought
up-to-date,
c) cushioning of trailers must also be reconsidered.
In particular, impact coefficients indicate possibilities for
reducing the stress-loading of the roadway and the transported
goods.