Development of a Combustion System for a Light Duty D.I. Diesel Engine

A new combustion system for a light duty D.I. diesel engine was developed, and a 3.5 ton payload truck (6.5 ton G.V.W.) equipped with this D.I. diesel engine and this combustion system realized good fuel economy and lower exhaust gas emission. Generally, light duty vehicles have to operate over a wide engine speed range. Therefore application of a D.I. diesel engine to light duty vehicles is difficult because of combustion tuning requirements over a wide engine speed range. Up to now, most of the diesel engines for light vehicles have been of the I.D.I. type. But the D.I. diesel engine has an evident advantage of lower fuel consumption.

In these circumstances the authors developed a new combustion chamber shape for a small D.I. diesel engine with turbulence induced intake port and optimum fuel injection equipment. Various combustion chamber geometries were tested and evaluated. Flow visualization technique using the oil film method and high speed schlieren photography of the combustion process were used. A combustion chamber having a special cavity shape which promotes a better mixing with the injected fuel spray was selected. The newly developed model W engine with this combustion system realized better fuel consumption over a wide speed range.