The Design of a 3,000 Mile Range Transit Bus Powered by Hydrogen Fuel Cells

Using only 650 lbs of liquid hydrogen, a full size transit bus driven by electric motors can travel non-stop for 3,000 miles. The energy conversion comes from a 150 kW fuel cell at 55-65% efficiency. The two types of fuel cells that will be practical for rubber-wheeled transportation at this time are the proton exchange membrane (PEM) and the alkaline type. Advanced batteries will be incorporated in the design to assist with acceleration and for regenerative braking. The low temperature hydrogen will help to cool the fuel cell, increase power output of the electric motors, and cool the passenger space. The bus will have four independent wheel drives, with 4 -wheel steering to reduce turn-radius. The purpose for this demonstration bus is to lay the design foundation for zero-emission urban buses.