Defining Space Suit Operational Requirements for Lunar and Mars Missions and Assessing Alternative Architectures

Sending humans to the moon and Mars in support of NASA’s Vision for Space Exploration (VSE) presents a variety of operational environments in which astronauts will need to wear a space suit, both inside the vehicle and during Extravehicular Activity (EVA). Four feasible suit architectures were proposed by NASA in terms of the number and type of suits needed to enable task performance in scenarios ranging from launch and entry operations to conducting EVA’s in microgravity and on planetary surfaces. This study was aimed at defining space suit operational and functional needs across the spectrum of mission elements called out in the VSE, identifying temporal and technical design drivers, and establishing appropriate trade variables with associated weighting factors for analyzing the proposed architecture options. Recommendations from the analysis are offered for consideration in selecting from the four options.