Turbocharging has emerged as a crucial technology for enhancing the performance and efficiency of internal combustion engines (ICEs) in modern vehicles. As the demand for lower fuel consumption and reduced emissions increases, turbochargers enable engine downsizing while maintaining or improving power output. This research work analyses the performance of turbocharging systems, focusing on their working principles, design considerations, performance evaluation, and efficiency optimization in automotive applications. The research begins with an overview of turbocharger fundamentals, detailing key components such as the turbine, compressor, intercooler, and wastegate, along with their respective functions. It examines how exhaust gas energy drives the turbine, which in turn compresses intake air to enhance engine efficiency. Furthermore, this work explores the influence of turbocharger selection on engine power, fuel economy, and emissions.
Additionally, this research investigates turbocharger performance under various driving conditions, particularly its impact on NOx and CO₂ emissions. It examines turbine and compressor wheel designs and material choices that ensure durability under extreme temperatures and high rotational speeds. Advanced simulation techniques, including computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and finite element analysis (FEA), are employed to analyse airflow characteristics, pressure distribution, and thermal behaviour within the turbocharger system. These simulations provide insights into performance optimization and potential areas for future research and development. This work proves that turbocharging remains to be a key technology for achieving high-performance, fuel-efficient, and environmentally sustainable engines. By enabling manufacturers to improve engine power without increasing fuel consumption, turbochargers contribute to cleaner and more efficient automotive solutions. Effective thermal management in turbocharged engines enhances fuel efficiency by maintaining optimal operating temperatures for combustion and minimizing heat losses. The presented research work offers valuable insights into turbocharger design and optimization, supporting the development of next-generation automotive propulsion systems.