Computational Aerodynamic Design: X-29, the Gulfstream Series and a Tactical Fighter

Elements of computational aerodynamic design are described by tracing the development of three different aircraft configuration types. The Gulfstream series (G-II, G-III, and G-IV) illustrates from 1966 to the present the evolution of bath computational tools and design philosophy. This transport experience is augmented by two distinct fighter designs that feature transonic maneuver requirements: the X-29 Forward Swept Wing Demonstrator Aircraft and a generic tactical fighter configuration. These state-of-the-art applications show [ILLEGIBLE] courses are charted to circumvent limitations in computerized flow simulation techniques. Problems associated with drag prediction complex geometry modeling, nonpotential phenomena, and code convergence for extreme conditions/shapes are addressed. Primary topics in wing design are complemented with auxiliary studies performed on [ILLEGIBLE], tails, nacelles, and winglets to provide perspective for the total aircraft development process. Good and bad experiences are included. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) impact is evaluated by means of performance levels achieved (wind tunnel and flight test data), resources saved, and insight provided for unscrambling complex aircraft synthesis problems. Future CFD requirements are discussed.