The driving range of electric vehicles (EVs) under low-temperature conditions remains a critical challenge in the automotive industry—especially in high-latitude regions where prolonged low temperatures severely degrade user experience. In addition to the well-documented reductions in battery energy density and charging efficiency, the effect of low temperature on vehicle road driving resistance is equally significant, contributing an additional 15%–25% to overall energy consumption [1, 2]. Guided by mainstream international and domestic standards for simulating low-temperature road driving resistance, actual road tests and chassis dynamometer resistance fitting were conducted on four representative vehicle models—including compact sedans and mid-size SUVs—at 20 °C (normal ambient temperature) and -7 °C (typical low-temperature operating condition). The discrepancies between simulated resistance values from different methods and actual road test data were systematically analyzed, along with the underlying mechanisms.
The results indicate that the low-temperature chassis dynamometer set resistances obtained using the Chinese current national standard (GB/T 18386-2021) and the United Nations Global Technical Regulation No. 15 (UN GTR No. 15) are largely consistent, with deviations of 5%–12% from actual road driving resistance. In contrast, the SAE J2264 method exhibits a substantial deviation of 25%–28% from actual low-temperature driving resistance. Notably, even the −7 °C driving resistances simulated by current mainstream methods still deviate to a certain extent from real-world low-temperature road resistance. This underscores the need for further investigation into the mechanisms by which transmission system resistance and tire rolling resistance influence overall low-temperature driving resistance, as well as the development of more precise correction models to improve the reliability of low-temperature range prediction.