Charging Strategy Studies for PHEV Batteries based on Power Loss Model

This paper describes a new method to increase the efficiency of the battery charging process, η, which is defined as the ratio of the energy accumulated in the battery over the actual energy supplied to it. Through several simulation results, it has been found that such efficiency is a function of the current profile applied to the battery during the charging process; hence, plots describing the energy loss in the battery, time taken to achieve a desired level of charge, and power needed as a function of the charging current, are shown. In order to find the optimal charging current profile, the mathematical model of the energy loss in the battery is developed and the problem of finding the optimal current profile is formulated as an Optimal Control problem. A model based on a Lithium-Ion Battery commercially available for PHEV is used as the plant to be controlled. The form of the Optimal Control problem posed resembles a classic one--with the peculiarity of being highly nonlinear and time varying. Finally, the solutions found are commented and the ease of implementation is considered.