Carbon-Neutral Powertrains for Future Mobility and its Impact on Thermal Management

In this article, we highlight the prime classification of hybrid powertrains for the automotive sector and quantify the scope and benefit of using gasoline and diesel as mono fuel or CNG and Flex-fuel (Ethanol blend) as duel fuel. Such powertrains have a high potential to achieve lower carbon emissions for the near future usage and implementation until the carbon-neutral powertrain reaches its majority in the market. H₂ combustion engine powertrain is one of the potential solutions to achieve a carbon-neutral powertrain solution using the optimized IC engine. Further, this article also highlights the benefits and challenges in commercializing the H₂ combustion engine powertrains against the e-fuel-based (new-energy) carbon-neutral powertrains for Battery powered (BEVs) and Fuel Cells powered (FCVs) electric vehicles. Finally, we discuss the link between the capacity and size of the thermal cooling system of an automotive vehicle and the type of powertrains chosen for future mobility solutions.