Calibration of an Aftermarket EFI Conversion System for Increased Performance and Fuel Economy with Reduced Emissions

A 1.6-L 1997 Chinese Volkswagen Jetta Engine was converted from carburetion to Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI) in order to meet recent Chinese emissions and performance requirements. A procedure is presented to calibrate an EFI system to reach these requirements. Emission results are reported for steady state and transient conditions over a representative matrix of operating conditions for the stock engine configuration and the new EFI system with and without a catalyst. The work is motivated by the recent trend of developing countries to implement emissions standards for the first time. Most published research focuses on new engine technology. This study demonstrates the feasibility of converting previously carbureted vehicles to EFI, greatly reducing emissions at a reasonable cost.