The demand for alternate fuel continues to grow steadily, while energy sources
are being researched and explored every year. Considering the energy demand and
fuel cost this research was initiated to identify better sources for fuel
production. Also the emission released into the atmosphere causes significant
influence in the global market in terms of pollution, which was also a prime
motive toward this research analysis. A green biodiesel, fatty acid alkyl ester,
has attracted much attention as an environmentally friendly diesel fuel. This is
due to several advantages, especially that fatty acid alkyl ester is renewable,
biodegradable, and has less toxic properties as a fuel. In this article,
cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum) biodiesel and algal
(Stoechospermum marginatum) biodiesel was prepared with a
yield of 94% and 85%, respectively. Single-stage transesterification was
performed since the free fatty acid percentage was within the limit. The
performance characteristics in terms of brake thermal efficiency and brake
specific fuel consumption, algal biodiesel performed better in comparison with
cottonseed biodiesel, and its values were closer to standard diesel fuel. The
maximum BTE of ABD100 was noticed to be 36.2% and optimized BSFC was 17 kg/kW-h
for ABD100. The emission characteristic analysis stated that biodiesel detailed
lower CO emission than diesel fuel, at high loads UBHC were lower for biodiesel
than diesel fuel, up to 6% and 18% difference. NOx emission was
higher for biodiesel, which may be due to better combustion and the diesel fuel
produced higher smoke emission, whereas biodiesel depicted lower emission
values. Comparatively, algal biodiesel was found to be better, which showcased
lower ignition delay and better engine emissions.