Application of Derived Characteristics from Dynamic Test Data for Simulation of Car-to-Car Side Impacts Using a Lumped Mass Approach

Lumped spring/mass modelling approaches are described for the simulation of structural and occupant response in side impacts (driver side). Special attention is placed on modelling techniques and procedures for mass assignments, derivation of force versus deflection characteristics and model redundancy checks. The force versus deflection characteristics were derived from dynamic test data and the inverse solution of the nonlinear equations of motion for the system. Unique procedures are also presented for estimating rib to spine damping characteristics and driver body segment internal and contact compliances. Three models are presented and evaluated. Simulations showing the effect of changes in striking car stiffness, struck car stiffness-, impact angle, impact speed, occupant to door clearance and interior door pad thickness and strength are presented and discussed. Model limitations and various factors affecting the applicability of the methodology are also discussed.