Analysis of Accidents Involving Alleged Road Surface Defects (i.e., Shoulder Drop-offs, Loose Gravel, Bumps and Potholes)

A considerable amount of research has been conducted to evaluate the effects of road surface discontinuities and disturbances on vehicle dynamics and accident causation. This paper addresses the real world effects of these conditions by reviewing the analyses of actual physical evidence of accidents involving alleged road defects. Analysis and testing techniques are described and alternative causative elements are presented.