Advancing Safe and Sustainable Mobility: A Review of Emerging Trends and Challenges in ADAS

India’s severe road safety challenges, marked by high accident rates and fatalities, necessitate innovative solutions like Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) to align with SIAT 2026’s theme, “Innovative Pathways for Safe and Sustainable Mobility. This review synthesizes recent studies to explore ADAS’s role in enhancing safety and sustainability in India’s unique traffic environment. Technologies such as automatic emergency braking, lane departure warnings, and driver monitoring systems show promise in reducing crashes caused by human error, a leading factor in road incidents. However, India’s complex road conditions unmarked lanes, dense urban traffic, and prevalent two-wheelers pose significant challenges to ADAS effectiveness. Recent surveys highlight strong public support for ADAS, with many Indian road users recognizing its safety benefits and advocating for its integration into vehicles. Despite growing adoption by automakers like Tata and Mahindra, barriers such as high costs and inadequate infrastructure limit widespread use. This paper proposes an original ADAS framework tailored for India, incorporating AI-driven sensors to navigate erratic traffic and cost-effective designs to improve accessibility, particularly for two-wheeler users. By addressing these challenges, ADAS can significantly reduce accidents and support India’s Vision Zero aspirations for zero road fatalities. The review also emphasizes sustainable mobility, exploring energy-efficient ADAS technologies to complement India’s push for greener transportation. This synthesis offers a scalable model for integrating ADAS into India’s mobility ecosystem, providing insights for emerging markets and contributing to global safety standards. Through infrastructure enhancements and standardized protocols, this work charts a pathway for safer, sustainable roads in India.