A Study on Energy Management Strategies for Range-Extended UAVs Based on A-ECMS

An adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (A-ECMS) is proposed for a hydrogen fuel-cell range-extended UAV hybrid power system composed of a PEM fuel cell, a lithium-ion battery and a supercapacitor. The equivalent factor is updated online by a PID-based SOC feedback mechanism to improve the adaptability of conventional ECMS under variable flight loads. Under the same mission profile and the same initial and terminal SOC constraints, A-ECMS consumes 4.6277 g of hydrogen, reducing hydrogen consumption by 46.90%, 67.51% and 58.42% compared with PID control, conventional ECMS and state-machine control, respectively. Fuel-cell power fluctuation and battery SOC deviation are also reduced.