A One Dimensional Model for Designing Pressure Swirl Atomizers

The pressure swirl injectors that discharge hollow cone sprays are well known in gasoline direct injection applications. As the injector performances strongly depend on the geometry, an important task consists in the nozzle design. This encourages developing a simplified one-dimensional model to allow a quick determination of injector performances in terms of flow rate and cone angle. This paper presents the model and the methodology to take into account designs where the orifice presents an angle with the injector axis. The model was validated by considering 3D simulations and experimental results.