Guidelines for Evaluating Out-of-Position Vehicle Occupant Interactions with Deploying Frontal Airbags

Ground Vehicle Standard
J1980_201102
Stabilized

Published February 21, 2011 by SAE International in United States

Sector:

Automotive

Issuing Committee:

Human Biomechanics and Simulations Standards Committee

Language: English

Scope

An airbag generates a considerable amount of kinetic energy during its inflation process. As a result substantial forces can be developed between the deploying airbag and the out-of-position occupant. Accident data and laboratory test results have indicated a potential for head, neck, chest, abdominal, and leg injuries from these forces. This suggests that mitigating such forces should be considered in the design of airbag restraint systems.

This document outlines a comprehensive set of test guidelines that can be used for investigating the interactions that occur between the deploying airbag and the occupant who is near the module at the time of deployment. Static and dynamic tests to investigate driver and passenger systems are given. Static tests may be used to sort designs on a comparative basis. Designs that make it through the static sorting procedure may be subjected to the appropriate dynamic tests. On a specific vehicle model, engineering judgment based upon prior experience in airbag testing may make it unnecessary to conduct the tests identified by the document or may indicate that different tests should be conducted.

Mild severity and moderate severity crash pulses are described in Section 5. These pulses are not vehicle-specific, but represent a general acceleration-time history that approximates what occurs with a large variety of vehicles. The mild severity crash pulse is near the threshold of many airbag deployments and represents a high-frequency accident event. Since small children are more likely than adults to be out of position due to preimpact braking, this pulse can be used for the child tests. Since preimpact braking has much less of an effect on adults, the moderate severity crash pulse can be used for adult testing. The described pulses or other vehicle specific pulses may be used.

No performance limits are specified in this document. References 2.1.4 2 and 16 gives interpretations of dummy responses relative to human injury potential.

Rationale

The members of the SAE Human Biomechanics and Simulations Standards Steering Committee have reviewed J1980 and made a conscientious decision to stabilize this Information Report. J1980, first issued in 1990, documents the tests developed by the U.S. auto industry to assess the risk of injury to occupants in close proximity to driver or passenger frontal airbags. It served as a basis for ISO/TR10982 as auto manufacturers in Europe and Asia began to introduce frontal airbags in their regions. In 2000, NHTSA added out-of-position tests and limits to FMVSS 208. J1980 is a historic document and contains a more comprehensive set of out-of-position test conditions than either ISO/TR10982 or FMVSS 208.

Data Sets - Support Documents

Title	Description	Download
TABLE 1	CHILD DUMMY PRIMARY MEASUREMENTS FOR VARIOUS COMBINATIONS OF DUMMY POSITIONS AND PASSENGER MODULE LOCATIONS
TABLE 2	ADULT DUMMY PRIMARY MEASUREMENTS FOR VARIOUS COMBINATIONS OF DUMMY POSITIONS AND PASSENGER MODULE LOCATIONS

Reference

Number	Title
720442	Airbag Effects on the Out-of-Position Child
791029	A Study of Driver Interactions with an Inflating Air Cushion
821165	Unrestrained, Front Seat, Child Surrogate Trajectories Produced by Hard Braking
826040	Part Two - Dummies - Description and Basis of a Three-Year-Old Child Dummy Or Evaluating Passenger Inflatable Restraint Concepts
826045	Possible Positions and Postures of Unrestrained Front-Seat Children At Instant of Collision
826047	Responses of Animals Exposed to Deployment of Various Passenger Inflatable Restraint System Concepts for a Variety of Collision Severities and Animal Positions
826048	Interpretations of the Impact Responses of a 3-Year-Old Child Dummy Relative to Child Injury Potential
841656	A Biomechanical Analysis of Head, Neck, and Torso Injuries to Child Surrogates Due to Sudden Torso Acceleration
861882	The Viscous Criterion - Bases and Applications of an Injury Severity Index for Soft Tissues
880400	Restraint Performance of the 1973-76 GM Air Cushion Restraint System
880718	Biofidelity of the Hybrid III Thorax in High-Velocity Frontal Impact
890756	Size, Weight and Biomechanical Impact Response Requirements for Adult Size Small Female and Large Male Dummies
CFRTrans.49Part	This document is not part of the subscrption.
ISO/TC22/SC12/W	This document is not part of the subscrption.
ISO/TR10982	This document is not part of the subscrption.
ISO/TR12349-1	This document is not part of the subscrption.
ISO/TR12349-2	This document is not part of the subscrption.
ISO/TR14645	This document is not part of the subscrption.
ISO/TR14933	This document is not part of the subscrption.
ISO/TR6487	This document is not part of the subscrption.
J1733_201811	Sign Convention for Vehicle Crash Testing
J211	This document is not part of the subscrption.
J2189	This document is not part of the subscrption.
NHTSAReportNo.D	This document is not part of the subscrption.

Ground Vehicle Standard	Guidelines for Evaluating Child Restraint System Interactions with Deploying Airbags
Ground Vehicle Standard	Calculation Guidelines for Impact Testing
Technical Paper	Effects of Crash Pulse, Impact Angle, Occupant Size, Front Seat Location, and Restraint System on Rear Seat Occupant Protection

2011-02-21	\|	J1980_201102
2008-06-17	\|	J1980_200806
2001-12-27	\|	J1980_200112

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Guidelines for Evaluating Out-of-Position Vehicle Occupant Interactions with Deploying Frontal Airbags

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