This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Tools and Strategies for Hybrid-Electric Drivesystem Optimization
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
While hybrid-electric drivesystems have the potential to substantially improve fuel economy without sacrificing performance, the extent of the fuel savings is highly dependent on component optimization within the system. Effectively optimized components require the drivesystem designer to understand component trade-offs and to supply the component developers with sufficient information to optimize their designs. Without a systems approach to all levels of drivesystem design-and, clearly, of vehicle design as well-components will tend to either be substantially oversized and inefficient or provide compromised vehicle performance.
Component specifications typically include power requirements, such as would be needed to provide adequate starting torque, gradability, acceleration, and braking. Fundamental specifications should also include time-sensitive power and energy requirements based on anticipated duration of maximum starting torque and peak continuous power for gradability, and of transient peaks for acceleration and braking.
Component designers must also have a means of optimizing distribution of highest efficiency to match anticipated use patterns. Designers of powerplants, load-leveling devices, and power electronics need to know the typical distribution of cumulative energy throughput at various power levels over a realistic driving cycle. Motor designers need to know the distribution of cumulative energy throughput on a map of torque and speed so that motor efficiency can be optimized to correspond. The design of reduction gears and choice of fixed-ratio or multi-speed transmission must also be an integral part of this optimization.
Following fundamentals of drivesystem design and component selection, time-sensitive power and energy requirements and their derivation are discussed. Cumulative energy throughput or work for an illustrative driving cycle is then presented in forms directly applicable to component design optimization-first as a function of tractive power alone, then on a map of motor speed and torque. A brief discussion of drivesystem control strategies addresses drivability issues as required by component choices. Conclusions are drawn throughout the paper as to the application methodology, design implications, and usefulness of the presented tools and strategies for hybrid-electric drivesystem optimization.
Recommended Content
| Technical Paper | Impacts of Use-Pattern on the Design of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles |
| Journal Article | Characterizing One-day Missions of PHEVs Based on Representative Synthetic Driving Cycles |
Authors
Topic
Citation
Moore, T., "Tools and Strategies for Hybrid-Electric Drivesystem Optimization," SAE Technical Paper 961660, 1996, https://doi.org/10.4271/961660.Also In
References
- Eriksson, Sture 1995 “Drive systems with permanent magnet synchronous motors,” Automotive Eng. February
- West, John G. W. 1994 “DC, induction, reluctance and PM motors for electric vehicles,” Power Eng. J. 77 88 April
- Cole, G. H. 1993 “Comparison of the Unique Mobility and DOE-Developed AC Electric Drive Systems” EG&G Idaho, Inc. January
- Blake, R. J. Lawrenson, P. J. 1992 “New Applications of Very Large and Small Switched Reluctance Drives,” Proc. Power Conversion and Intelligent Motion Nürnberg April
- Hendershot, James R., Jr. 1991 “A Comparison of AC, Brushless & Switched Reluctance Motors,” Motion Control 16 20 April
- Burke, Andrew F. 1995 “Electric/Hybrid Super Car Designs Using Ultracapacitors,” 30th IECEC Meeting Orlando FL August
- Rudderman, M.A. Juergens T. Nelson R. 1994 “A New High Rate, Fast Charge, Sealed Lead Acid Battery,” Procs. Dedicated Conf. on Supercars (Advanced Ultralight Hybrids) ISATA Int. Symp. on Advanced Transp. Applications Aachen,Germany 121 127 31 Oct.
- Post, R. Fowler T. Post S. 1993 “A High-Efficiency Electromechanical Battery,” Procs. IEEE 81 3 462 74 March
- Trippe, Anthony P. Burke, Andrew F. Blank, Edward 1993 “Improved Electric Vehicle Performance with Pulsed Power Capacitors” SAE 931010 Soc. of Auto. Eng. Inc. Warrendale PA 1-5 Mar.
- Moore, Timothy C. 1996 “Ultralight Hybrid Vehicles: Principles and Design,” Procs. of EVS-13: The 13th International Symposium ElectricVehicle Symposium Osaka, Japan 13-16 October
- Moore, Timothy C. Lovins Amory B. 1995 “Vehicle Design Strategies to Meet or Exceed PNGV Goals” SAE 951906 Electric and Hybrid Vehicles: Implementation of Technology SAE SP 1105 79 121 Soc. of Automotive Eng. Inc. Warrendale PA
- Stirling Thermal Motors 1995 Engine Performance Test Data at Stirling Thermal Motors Ann Arbor, MI
- Bennethum, James E. Laymac Thomas D. Johansson Lennart N. Godett Ted M. 1991 “Commercial Stirling Engine Development and Applications,” SAE 911649 Society of Automotive Engineers Inc. Warrendale PA 2-5 August
- Williams, Robert H. 1993 “Fuel Cells, Their Fuels, and the U.S. Automobile,” Princeton University Center for Energy and Environmental Studies The First Annual World Car 2001 Conference Riverside CA
- James, B.D. Baum G.N. Kuhn, I.F. Jr. 1994 Technology Development Goals for Automotive Fuel Cell Power Systems August final report ANL-94/44 Argonne National Laboratory Technologies, Inc.
- California Air Resources Board (CARB) 1995 ARB Staff Proposal to Allow Hybrid-Electric Vehicles to Receive Zero-Emission Vehicle Credit California Air Resources Board El Monte CA 10 April
- Mason, William T. Jr. Kristiansson Urban 1994 “Hybrid EVs versus Pure EVs: Hhich Gives Greater Benefits?” SAE 94C017 Society of Automotive Eng. Inc. Warrendale PA 17-19 Oct.
- Anderson, Catherine Pettit Erin 1995 “The Effects of APU Characteristics on the Design of Hybrid Control Strategies for Hybrid Electric Vehicles” SAE 950493 Society of Automotive Engineers Inc. Warrendale PA 27 February
- Mascarin, Anthony E. Dieffenbach Jeffrey R. Brylawski Michael M. Cramer David R. Lovins Amory B. 1995 “Costing the Ultralite in Volume Production: Can Advanced Composite Bodies-In-White Be Affordable?,” Advanced Technologies and Processes Procs. of IBEC International Body Engineering Conference Detroit, MI 19 56-69 31 October 2 November
- Gjostein, N.A. 1995 “Technology Needs Beyond PNGV,” conf. on Basic Research Needs for Vehicles of the Future New Orleans LA 5 January
- Sherman, A.M. 1995 “Future Research for Aluminum Vehicle Structure,” Conf. on Basic Research Needs for Vehicles of the Future New Orleans LA 5 January
- Eusebi, E. 1995 “Composite Intensive Vehicles: Past, Present and Future” Vice President's Symp. on Structural Material Challenges for the PNGV Washington DC 22-23 Feb.
- Gjostein, N. A. 1995 “PNGV Material R&D Roadmap,” Vice President's Symposium on Structural Material Challenges for the PNGV Washington DC 22-23 Feb.
- American Iron and Steel Institute 1994 “Holistic Design With Steel For Vehicle Weight Reduction” Southfield MI February
- Lovins, Amory B. Brylawski Michael M. Cramer David R. Moore Timothy C. 1996 Hypercars: Materials and Policy Implications Rocky Mountain Institute Snowmass CO
- Volvo Car Corporation 1992 “Volvo ECC: A Volvo Environmental Concept Car” press literature Goteborg, Sweden
- Kindervater, CM. Dr. 1994 “Crash Resistance and Strength of High Performance Composite Light Vehicle Substructures,” Procs. Dedicated Conf. on Supercars (Advanced Ultralight Hybrids) ISATA Int. Symp. on Adv. Transp. Appl. Aachen.Germany 741 751 31 October 2 November
- Hobbs, C. Adrian 1995 “Dispelling the Misconceptions about Side Impact Protection” SAE 950879 Society of Automotive Engineers Inc. Warrendale PA 27 February 2 March
- Niederer, Peter F. Walz Felix H. Kaeser Robert Brunner Anton 1993 “Occupant Safety of Low-Mass Rigid-Belt Vehicles” SAE 933107 Soc. of Aut. Eng. Inc. Warrendale PA 8 Nov.
- Seal, Michael R. Fitzpatrick Michael 1982 “A Lightweight Two-Passenger Automobile Combining Improved Crashworthiness, Good Performance, and Excellent Fuel Economy,” Vehicle Research Inst., Western Washington Univ. Bellingham WA
- Bereisa, Jon, Chief Engineer GM Avanced Technology Vehicles Troy, MI March 1996
- MacCready, Paul, President and C.E.O. AeroVironment Monrovia, CA April 1995
- Hopkins, D. Dr. Rubin M. Arasteh D. Dr. 1994 “Smart Thermal Skins for Automobiles,” Procs. Dedicated Conf. on Supercars (Advanced Ultralight Hybrids) ISATA Int. Symp. on Adv. Transp. Appl. Aachen,Germany 667 674 31 October 2 November
- Diekmann, John Mallory David 1991 “Climate Control for Electric Vehicles” SAE 910250
- Gawronski, Francis J. 1992 “Natron reinvents HV AC for the 90's,” Automotive Industries' Insider 3 1 May
- Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) 1995 Advanced Automotive Technologies: Draft Report on Technologies and Vehicle Systems U.S. Congress Washington DC 14 April
- Horvath, John 1994 “Brushless Motors: The Best of DC and AC,” Electrical Design & Mfg . 19 November December
- Oswald, L. General Motors Hybrid Vehicle Program Manager April 1995
- Automotive Engineering 1992 “Battery and Electric Vehicle Update,” Automotive Engineering 17 20 September
- Burke, Andrew F. 1994 “The Potential of Electrochemical Capacitors for Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Applications,” S/EV94 Sustainable Transportation Conf. Providence RI 3-5 Oct.
- Smith, J. Ray Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory March 1996
- Post, R. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory November 1994
- USCAR Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles 1996 “PNGV Requirements” Automotive Engineering Society of Automotive Engineers Inc. Warrendale PA 112 May