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Impact Tolerance and Response of the Human Thorax
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English
Abstract
At the 1970 SAE International Automobile Safety Conference, the first experimental chest impact results from a new, continuing biomechanics research program were presented and compared with earlier studies performed elsewhere by one of the authors using a different technique. In this paper, additional work from the current program is documented. The general objective remains unchanged: To provide improved quantification of injury tolerance and thoracic mechanical response (force-time, deflection-time, and force-deflection relationships) for blunt sternal impact to the human cadaver.
Fourteen additional unembalmed specimens of both sexes (ranging in age from 19-81 years, in weight from 117-180 lb, and in stature from 5 ft 1-1/2 in to 6 ft) have been exposed to midsternal, blunt impacts using a horizontal, elastic-cord propelled striker mass. Impact velocities were higher than those of the previous work, ranging from 14-32 mph. Striker weight varied from 3.6-52 lb, the smaller masses associated with the higher velocities. In all cases the impact was centered over the fourth interspace and delivered through a 6-in diameter, unpadded, flat wooden form with 1/2-in edge radius. In twelve cases the thoracic aorta was liquid pressurized at impact; and in seven cases, intra-aortic and intra-ventricular pressure-time histories were recorded during the impact event. Thoracic autopsies with cardiovascular dissections were performed in all cases; in addition, thorough abdominal explorations were performed in nine.
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Citation
Kroell, C., Schneider, D., and Nahum, A., "Impact Tolerance and Response of the Human Thorax," SAE Technical Paper 710851, 1971, https://doi.org/10.4271/710851.Also In
References
- Nahum A. M. Gadd C. W. Schneider D. C. Kroell C. K. “Deflection of the Human Thorax Under Sternal Impact.” 1970 International Automobile Safety Conference Compendium, P-30, paper 700400 New York Society of Automotive Engineering, Inc. 1970
- Patrick L. M. Kroell C. K. Mertz, H. J. Jr. “Forces on the Human Body in Simulated Crashes.” Proceedings of Ninth Stapp Car Crash Conference Minneapolis University of Minnesota 1965
- Patrick L. M. Mertz, H. J. Jr. Kroell C. K. “Cadaver Knee, Chest and Head Impact Loads.” Proceedings of Eleventh Stapp Car Crash Conference, P-20, paper 670913 New York Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 1967
- Kroell C. K. Patrick L. M. “A New Crash Simulator and Biomechanics Research Program.” Proceedings of Eighth Stapp Car Crash Conference Detroit Wayne State University Press 1964