This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Tonality Perception Lessons Learned
Technical Paper
2023-01-1104
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The future is expected to bring Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) vehicles, including small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS), urban air mobility (UAM) vehicles and regional air mobility (RAM) vehicles. These manned and unmanned vehicles are propelled by rotors. Rotors tend to generate tonal sound as their blades interact periodically with airflow features. Since people are more sensitive to tonality, including tones, than broad band sound, AAM generated tonality is expected to be an important consideration for design. In this paper several tonality metrics are examined for their ability to explain perceived annoyance of AAM flyover noise as measured by NASA’s Rotorcraft Sound Quality Metric 1 (RoQM-1) test. The various investigated metrics use one-third octave band, narrow band, and autocorrelation analysis. It is observed that tonality influences but does not control perceived flyover noise annoyance due to other sound qualities like roughness, consistent with previous work. The metrics are also examined for their ability to explain perceived tonality of sounds generated by IT equipment. The metrics based on autocorrelation are observed to best explain perceived tonality while also being among the best for explaining flyover annoyance. The plausibility of the auditory nervous system as a physiological auto-correlator is discussed.
Citation
Oppenheimer, C., "Tonality Perception Lessons Learned," SAE Technical Paper 2023-01-1104, 2023, https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-1104.Also In
References
- Fastl , H. and Zwicker , E. Psychoacoustics Springer 1990
- ECMA-418-2 2020
- Krishnamurthy , S. , Christian , A. , and Rizzi , S. Psychoacoustic Test to Determine Sound Quality Metric Indicators Inter-Noise 2018 Chicago, IL 2018
- Boucher , M. , Krishnamurthy , S. , Christian , A. , and Rizzi , S. Sound Quality Metric Indicators of Rotorcraft Noise Annoyance Using Multilevel Regression Analysis 177th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, Paper 4pNS8, Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics 36 1 2019
- Lyon , R.H. Designing for Product Sound Quality New York Marcel Dekker 2000
- ECMA-74 2015
- Licklider , J.C.R. A Duplex Theory of Pitch Perception Experientia 7 4 1951 128 133
- ECMA-418-1 2020
- DIN-45681:2005
- Hohmann , V. Frequency Analysis and Synthesis Using a Gammatone Filterbank Acta Acustica 88 2002 433 442
- Dodge , Y. The Concise Encyclopedia of Statistics Springer 2008