Fuel and Recharging Effects on Regulated and Unregulated Emissions from a Gasoline and a Diesel Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Technical Paper
2022-01-1125
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
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English
Abstract
As passenger cars are progressively moving towards more electrification, Plug-in
Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) may play a greater role. Several questions
arise regarding their performance in real-world conditions, their optimal
configuration - in terms of battery capacity, fuel and powertrain used - and
their pollutant emissions. In this context, two PHEVs complying with Euro 6d
standards were evaluated on a chassis-dyno and on-road using the same road
profile, complying with RDE requirements. The two vehicles differ only by their
powertrain, one being diesel-fueled, and the other being gasoline-fueled. The
vehicles were tested under various conditions, including charge depleting and
charge sustaining modes (i.e., tests respectively starting with a fully charged
battery and a discharged battery), with various fuel compositions including
traditional fossil-based fuels, 100% renewable Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO)
and 100% renewable gasoline, blended with 20% v/v ethanol (E20). The vehicle
weight was also artificially varied on the chassis-dyno to assess the difference
of performance between a PHEV and a Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV), having a
lower-capacity battery. The set of measurements included fuel and electricity
consumptions, CO2 and regulated pollutant emissions (NOx, CO, HC,
PN23, PM) as well as non-regulated pollutant emissions such as PN10,
CH4, NH3 and N2O. The results show that the
two vehicles have regulated pollutant emissions levels well below the Euro 6d
limits under all testing conditions, and unregulated pollutant emissions in the
range of Euro 7 proposals. For the PHEVs and operating conditions tested,
switching from a traditional fossil-based fuel to a 100% renewable fuel, for
both gasoline and Diesel powertrains, does not have statistical significant
impact on the pollutant emissions. Regarding fuel and powertrain aspects, it is
observed that switching from a gasoline- to a Diesel-PHEV enables a reduction of
CO2 emissions whilst also lowering pollutant emissions except for
NH3 and N2O. However, on-road tests results show
significantly higher fuel consumption than chassis-dyno tests, although being
driven on the same test-cycle.
Authors
- Roland Dauphin - Concawe
- Joseph Kermani - IFP Energies nouvelles, Institut Carnot
- Philippe Degeilh - IFP Energies nouvelles, Institut Carnot
- Corrado Fittavolini - ENI R&TID R&D, Concawe
- Alastair Smith - Shell Global Solutions UK, Concawe
- Cyrille Callu - TotalEnergies OneTech, Concawe
- Sofia Chrysafi - BP, Concawe
- Renate Uitz-Choi - Shell Global Solutions Germany, Concawe
- Kenneth Kar - ExxonMobil
Citation
Dauphin, R., Kermani, J., Degeilh, P., Fittavolini, C. et al., "Fuel and Recharging Effects on Regulated and Unregulated Emissions from a Gasoline and a Diesel Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle," SAE Technical Paper 2022-01-1125, 2022, https://doi.org/10.4271/2022-01-1125.Also In
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