Open Access

A Batch Blending System for Continuous Production of Multi-Component Fuel Blends for Engine Laboratory Tests

Journal Article
2020-01-2153
ISSN: 2641-9645, e-ISSN: 2641-9645
Published September 15, 2020 by SAE International in United States
A Batch Blending System for Continuous Production of Multi-Component
                    Fuel Blends for Engine Laboratory Tests
Sector:
Citation: Larsson, T. and Erlandsson, A., "A Batch Blending System for Continuous Production of Multi-Component Fuel Blends for Engine Laboratory Tests," SAE Int. J. Adv. & Curr. Prac. in Mobility 3(1):452-467, 2021, https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-2153.
Language: English

References

  1. Hill , J. , Nelson , E. , Tilman , D. , Polasky , S. et al. Environmental, Economic, and Energetic Costs and Benefits of biodiesel and Ethanol Biofuels Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, National Academy of Sciences 11206–11210 2006 10.1073/pnas.0604600103
  2. Yanowitz , J. , Christensen , E. , and McCormick Robert , L. 2011
  3. Chang , T.-H. , and Su , H.-M. The Substitutive Effect of Biofuels on Fossil Fuels in the Lower and Higher Crude Oil Price Periods Energy 35 7 2807 2813 2010 10.1016/j.energy.2010.03.006
  4. Yusri , I.M. , Mamat , R. , Najafi , G. , Razman , A. et al. Alcohol Based Automotive Fuels from First Four Alcohol Family in Compression and Spark Ignition ENGINE: A Review on Engine Performance and Exhaust Emissions Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 77 169 181 2017
  5. Awad , O.I. , Mamat , R. , Ali , O.M. , Sidik , N.A.C. et al. Alcohol and ether as Alternative Fuels in Spark Ignition Engine: A Review Renew. Sutsainable Energy Rev. 82 2586 2605 2018
  6. Wilks , D. The Impact of Blending Techniques, Feedstock Choice, and Analytical Techniques on Biodiesel Blend Accuracy 99th AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo Seattle 2009 787 789
  7. Pearson , R.J. and Turner , J.W.G. Renewable Fuels: An Automotive Perspective Sayigh , A. Comprehensive Renewable Energy Elsevier 2012 305– 342 978-0-08-087873-7
  8. Stein , R.A. , Anderson , J.E. , and Wallington , T.J. An Overview of the Effects of Ethanol-Gasoline Blends on SI Engine Performance, Fuel Efficiency, and Emissions SAE Int. J. Engines 6 1 470 487 2013 https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-1635
  9. Anderson , J. , Wallington , T. , Stein , R. , and Studzinski , W. Issues with T50 and T90 as Match Criteria for Ethanol-Gasoline Blends SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 7 3 2014 https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-9080
  10. Foong , T.M. , Morganti , K.J. , Brear , M.J. , da Silva , G. et al. The Octane Numbers of Ethanol Blended with Gasoline and Its Surrogates Fuel 115 727 739 2014 10.1016/j.fuel.2013.07.105
  11. Jęczmionek , Ł. , Danek , B. , Pałuchowska , M. , and K , W. Changes in the Quality of E15−E25 Gasoline during Short-Term Storage up to Four Months Energy & Fuels 31 504 513 2017
  12. Ghotli , R.A. , Raman , A.A.A. , Ibrahim , S. , and Baroutioan , S. Liquid-Liquid Mixing in Stirred Vessels: A Review Chem. Eng. Commun. 200 5 595– 627 2013 10.1080/00986445.2012.717313
  13. Cheesewright , R. , Belhadj , A. , and Clark , C. Effect of Mechanical Vibrations on Coriolis Mass Flow Meters J. Dyn. Syst. Meas. Control 125 103 113 2003 10.1115/1.1539098
  14. Luimes , F. https://www.bronkhorst.com/int/blog-1/how-to-deal-with-vibrations-using-coriolis-mass-flow-meters/ 2019
  15. Morganti , K. , Foong , T.M. , Brear , M. , Da Silva , G. et al. The Research and Motor octane numbers of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Fuel 108 797 811 2013 10.1016/j.fuel.2013.01.072
  16. Morganti , K. , Foong , T.M. , Brear , M. , Da Silva , G. et al. Design and Analysis of a Modified CFR Engine for the Octane Rating of Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 7 1 283 300 2014 https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-1474
  17. Equilibar https://www.equilibar.com/application/differential-pressure-limitations-with-mass-flow-controllers/ 2020
  18. Theodore , L. Batch Reactors Chemical Reactor Analysis and Applications for the Practicing Engineer John Wiley & Sons 2012 147 180 10.1002/9781118158630
  19. Theodore , L. Tubular Flow Reactors Chemical Reactor Analysis and Applications for the Practicing Engineer John Wiley & Sons 2012 209 232 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781118158630
  20. Theodore , L. Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors Chemical Reactor Analysis and Applications for the Practicing Engineer John Wiley & Sons 2012 181 207 10.1002/9781118158630
  21. Agrawal , S.S. Fuel Blending Technology and Management Riazi , M. , Eser , S. , Agrawal , S. , and Peña , D. Petroleum Refining and Natural Gas Processing ASTM International 2013 473 497 10.1520/MNL5820131213119
  22. Dimian , A.C. , Bildea , C.S. , and Kiss , A.A. Chapter 11 - Batch Processes Computer Aided Chemical Engineering 449–488 2014 10.1016/B978-0-444-62700-1.00011-5
  23. Sharatt , P. N. Chemicals Manufacture by Batch Processes Sharatt , P. N. UMIST Handbook of Batch Process Design 1997 1 23 10.1007/978-94-009-1455-1
  24. Smith , R. The Nature of Chemical Process Design and Integration Chemical Process Design and Integration John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 2005 1 15 0-471-48680-9
  25. Majozi , T. Chapter 1 - Introduction to Batch Chemical Processes Batch Chemical Process Integration Springer Dordrecht 2010 1 11 10.1007/978-90-481-2588-3
  26. Company , C.R. 1976
  27. Baranowski , C.J. , Bahmanpour , A.M. , and Kröcher , O. Catalytic Synthesis of Polyoxymethylene Dimethyl Ethers (OME): A Review Appl. Catal. B Environ. 217 407 420 2017 10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.06.007
  28. Härtl , M. , Seidenspinner , P. , Jacob , E. , and Wactmeister , G. Emission, Oxygenate Screening on a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine and OME1, Characteristics of Highly Oxygenated Oxymethylene Ether Fuel Fuel 153 328 335 2015 10.1016/j.fuel.2015.03.012
  29. Schröder , J. , and Görsch , K. Storage Stability and Material Compatibility of Poly(oxymethylene) Dimethyl Ether Diesel Fuel Energy & Fuels 34 450 459 2020 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b03101
  30. Barkalov , A. , Titarenko , L. , Kolopienczyk , M. , Mielcarek , K. et al. Object Codes Transformation for Moore FSMs Barkalov , A. , Titarenko , L. , Kolopienczyk , M. , Mielcarek , K. et al. Logic Synthesis for FPGA-Based Finite State Machines Springer International Publishing 2015 97 127 10.1007/978-3-319-24202-6
  31. Barkalov , A. , Titarenko , L. , Kolopienczyk , M. , Mielcarek , K. et al. Background of Finite State Machines and Programmable Logic Barkalov , A. , Titarenko , L. , Kolopienczyk , M. , Mielcarek , K. et al. Logic Synthesis for FPGA-Based Finite State Machines Springer International Publishing 2015 1 31 10.1007/978-3-319-24202-6
  32. Johansen , T. , and Schramm , J. Low-Temperature Miscibility of Ethanol-Gasoline-Water Blends in Flex Fuel Applications Energy Sources Part A 18 1634 1645 2009 10.1080/15567030903021897
  33. Crawley , F. and Tyler , B. The HAZOP Study Method Crawley , F. and Tyler , B. HAZOP: Guide to Best Practice Third Edition Elsevier 2015 10 12 10.1016/B978-0-323-39460-4.00003-7
  34. Pasman , H. Loss Prevention History and Developed Methods and Tools Pasman , H. Risk Analysis and Control for Industrial Processes - Gas, Oil and Chemicals Butterworth-Heinemann 2015 79– 184 10.1016/B978-0-12-800057-1.00003-1
  35. https://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/mc-mc.nsf/eng/lm00129.html
  36. DDB http://ddbonline.ddbst.de/DIPPR105DensityCalculation/DIPPR105CalculationCGI.exe?component=Ethanol 2020
  37. Lapuerta , M. , García-Contreras , R. , Campos-Fernández , J. , and Pilar Dorado , M. Stability, Lubricity, Viscosity, and Cold-Flow Properties of Alcohol-Diesel Blends Energy & Fuels 24 4497 4502 2010 10.1021/ef100498u
  38. Osten , D.W. , and Sell , N.J. Methanol-Gasoline Blends: Blending Agents to Prevent Phase Separation Fuel 62 268 270 1983 10.1016/0016-2361(83)90079-0
  39. Karaosmanoǧlu , F. , Asli , I. , and Aksoy , H.A. Effects of a New Blending Agent on Ethanol-Gasoline Fuels Energy & Fuels 10 3 816 820 1996 10.1021/ef950131z
  40. Zyada , A. , and Samimi-Abianeh , O. Ethanol Kinetic Model Development and Validation at Wide Ranges of Mixture Temperatures, Pressures and Equivalence Ratios Energy & Fuels 33 7791 7804 2019 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b01035
  41. Walyuyo , B. , Wardana , I.N.G. , Yuliati , L. , Sosongko , M.N. et al. The Role of Ethanol as Cosolvent on the Separated Gasoline Methanol Blend IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 674 2019 10.1088/1757-899X/674/1/012005
  42. SigmaAldrich https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/chemistry/solvents/solvent-miscibility-table.html 2020
  43. Karlsson , H.T. Processriskanalys 2012

Cited By