An Investigation of the Influence of Close-Proximity Traffic on the Aerodynamic Drag Experienced by Tractor-Trailer Combinations
Abstract:
Recent research to investigate the aerodynamic-drag reduction associated with
truck platooning systems has begun to reveal that surrounding traffic has a
measurable impact on the aerodynamic performance of heavy trucks. A 1/15-scale
wind-tunnel study was undertaken to measure changes to the aerodynamic drag
experienced by heavy trucks in the presence of upstream traffic. The results,
which are based on traffic conditions with up to 5 surrounding vehicles in a
2-lane configuration and consisting of 3 vehicle shapes (compact sedans, SUVs,
and a medium-duty truck), show drag reductions of 1% to 16% for the heavy truck
model, with the largest reductions of the same order as those experienced in a
truck-platooning scenario. The data also reveal that the performance of
drag-reduction technologies applied to the heavy-truck model (trailer
side-skirts and a boat-tail) demonstrate different performance when applied to
an isolated vehicle than to conditions with surrounding traffic. The results
suggest that vehicle shape optimization strategies may differ if the influence
of wake effects from surrounding traffic is included in product development
cycles. Additionally, truck-platooning benefits should be taken in the context
of typical traffic scenarios for which trucks are already experiencing a
background-platooning effect and therefore may not be expected to attain the
benefits relative to isolate-vehicle conditions.