This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
How Much Regeneration Events Influence Particle Emissions of DPF-Equipped Vehicles?
Technical Paper
2017-24-0144
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Diesel particulate filter (DPF) is the most effective emission control device for reducing particle emissions (both mass, PM, and number, PN) from diesel engines, however many studies reported elevated emissions of nanoparticles (<50 nm) during its regeneration. In this paper the results of an extensive literature survey is presented. During DPF active regeneration, most of the literature studies showed an increase in the number of the emitted nanoparticles of about 2-3 orders of magnitude compared to the normal operating conditions. Many factors could influence their amount, size distribution, chemical-physical nature (volatiles, semi-volatiles, solid) and the duration of the regenerative event: i.e. DPF load and thermodynamic conditions, lube and fuel sulfur content, engine operative conditions, PN sampling and measurement methodologies. Moreover some experimental tests were performed at Istituto Motori’ labs with three Diesel vehicles (a Euro 5 2.2 liter van, and two medium size passenger cars) to estimate the effect of regeneration events in terms of both occurrences and emissions output. ELPI (Electrical Low Pressure Impactor) by Dekati, sampling directly from the tailpipe with a double stage dilution FPS, was employed to measure the size distributions of the total emitted particles in the range 7 nanometer up to 10 micron. Regeneration events were studied during NEDC, WLTC and Artemis driving cycles and they exhibited considerable variations in the time for cleaning as well as in the amount of PN emissions.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Beatrice, C., Costagliola, M., Guido, C., Napolitano, P. et al., "How Much Regeneration Events Influence Particle Emissions of DPF-Equipped Vehicles?," SAE Technical Paper 2017-24-0144, 2017, https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-24-0144.Data Sets - Support Documents
Title | Description | Download |
---|---|---|
Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 2 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 3 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 4 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 5 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 6 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 7 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 8 |
Also In
References
- European Environment Agency 2016 Air quality in Europe EEA Report N° 28/2016 83 978-92-9213-847-9 10.2800/80982
- Delphi, Worldwide Emissions Standards Passenger Cars Light Duty 2016-2017
- Delphi, Worldwide Emissions Standards Heavy Duty and Off-Highway Vehicles 2016-2017
- Johnson , T. Review of Vehicular Emissions Trends SAE Int. J. Engines 8 3 1152 1167 2015 10.4271/2015-01-0993
- Chan , T.W. , Saffaripour , M. , Liu , F. , Hendren , J. et al. 2016 Characterization of Real-Time Particle Emissions from a Gasoline Direct Injection Vehicle Equipped with a Catalyzed Gasoline Particulate Filter During Filter Regeneration Emission Control Science and Technology 2016 10.1007/s40825-016-0033-3
- Kumar , P. , Morawska L. , Birmili , W. , Paasonen , P. et al. 2014 Ultrafine particles in cities Environment International 66 2014 1 10
- Kittelson , D. , Northrop , W. , Avenido , A. , Watts , W. 2014 Prospects of meeting EU number emission standards with a diesel engine without a DPF Center for Diesel Research 2014 XX 10.2788/31651
- Myung , C. L. , Ko , A. , Park S. 2014 Review on Characterization of nano-particle emissions and PM morphology from Internal Combustion Engines: Part 1 International Journal of Automotive Technology 2014 15 2 203 218
- Maricq , M.M. 2007 Chemical characterization of particulate emissions from diesel engines: A review Aerosol Science 38 2007 1079 1118
- Choi S. , Myung C.L. , Park S. 2014 Review on Characterization of nano-particles emissions and PM morphology from Internal Combustion Engines: Part 2 International Journal of Automotive Technology 15 2 219 227 2014
- Bensaid , S. , Caroca , C. J. , Russo N. , Fino , D. 2011 Detailed Investigation of non-catalytic DPF Regeneration The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 2011 89 10.2788/31651
- Giechaskiel B. , Vanhanen J. , Vakeva M. , Martini G. 2017 Investigation of vehicle exhaust sub-23 nm particle emissions Aerosol Science and Technology 2017 51 5 626 641
- Giechaskiel , B. , Manfredi , U. , and Martini , G. Engine Exhaust Solid Sub-23 nm Particles: I. Literature Survey SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 7 3 950 964 2014 10.4271/2014-01-2834
- Giechaskiel , B. and Martini , G. Engine Exhaust Solid Sub-23 nm Particles: II. Feasibility Study for Particle Number Measurement Systems SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 7 3 935 949 2014 10.4271/2014-01-2832
- Andersson , J. , Giechaskiel , B. , Muñoz-Bueno , R. , Sandbach , E. et al. 2007 Particle Measurement Programme (PMP) Light-duty Inter-laboratory Correlation Exercise (ILCE_LD) Final Report
- Giechaskiel B. , Maricq M. , Ntziachristos L. , Dardiotis C. et al. 2014 Review of motor vehicle particulate emissions sampling and measurement: From smoke and filter mass to particle number Journal of Aerosol Science 67 2014 48 86
- Johnson , K.C. , Durbin , T.D. , Jung , H. , Chaudhary , A. et al. 2009 Evaluation of the European PMP Methodologies during On-Road and Chassis Dynamometer Testing for DPF Equipped Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles Aerosol Science and Technology 2009 43 962 969
- Keskinen , J. , Rönkkö , T. 2010 Can Real-World Diesel Exhaust Particle Size Distribution be Reproduced in the Laboratory? A Critical Review Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 2010 60 10 1245 1255 10.3155/1047-3289.60.10.1245
- Caroca , J. C. , Millo , F. , Vezza , D. , Vlachos , T. et al. 2011 Detailed Investigation on Soot Particle Size Distribution during DPF Regeneration, using Standard and Bio-Diesel Fuels Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 50 2011 2650 2658
- http://cordis.europa.eu/search/result_en?q=contenttype=%27project%27%20AND%20/project/relations/associations/relatedCall/call/identifier=%27H2020-GV-2016-INEA%27
- Pedata , P. , Stoeger , T. , Zimmermann , R. , Peters , A. et al. Are we forgetting the smallest, sub 10 nm combustion generated particles? Particle and Fibre Toxicology 2015 12 34
- Guan , B. , Zhan , R. , Lin , H. , Huang , Z. 2015 Review of the state-of-the-art of exhaust particulate filter technology in internal combustion engines Journal of Environmental Management 154 2015 225 258
- Fiebig , M. , Wiartalla , A. , Holderbaum , B. , Kiesow , S. 2014 Particulate emissions from diesel engines: correlation between engine technology and emissions Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology 2014 9 6
- Konstandopoulos A.G. , Papaioannou E. 2008 Update on The Science and Technology of Diesel Particulate Filters KONA Powder and Particle Journal 26 2008
- Carlo Beatrice , Silvana Di Iorio , Chiara Guido , Pierpaolo Napolitano 2012 Detailed characterization of particulate emissions of an automotive catalyzed DPF using actual regeneration strategies Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 39 2012 45 53
- Spreen J.S. , Kadijk G. , van der Mark P.J. 2016 Diesel Particulate Filters for light-duty vehicles: operation, maintenance, repair and inspection TNO Report 2016 R10958
- Jung S. , Lim J. , Kwon S. ,, Jeon S. et al. 2016 Characterization of particulate matter from diesel passenger cars tested on chassis dynamometers Journal of Environ. Sci. 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2016.01.035
- Health Effects Institute 2015 Executive Summary. The Advanced Collaborative Emissions Study (ACES) Boston, MA Health Effects Institute
- Hesterberg , T.W. , Long , C.M. , Sax , S.N. et al. 2011 Particulate Matter in New Technology Diesel Exhaust (NTDE) is Quantitatively and Qualitatively Very Different from that Found in Traditional Diesel Exhaust (TDE) Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 2011 61 894 913
- Tsai , Y.I. , Yang , H.H. , Wang , L.C. , Huan , J.L. et al. 2011 The Influences of Diesel Particulate Filter Installation on Air Pollutant Emissions for Used Vehicle Aerosol and Air Quality Research 2011 11 578 583
- Ko , J. , Si , W. , Jin , D. , Myung , C. L. et al. 2016 Effect of active regeneration on time-resolved characteristics of gaseous emissions and size-resolved particle emissions from light-duty diesel engine Journal of Aerosol Science 91 2016 62 77 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2015.09.007
- Mamakos , A. , Martini , G. 2011 Particle Number Emissions During Regeneration of DPF-equipped Light Duty Diesel Vehicles - A Literature Survey JRC Scientific and Technical Reports 2011 2011 10.2788/31651
- Bikas , G. , Zervas , E. 2007 Regulated and Non-Regulated Pollutants Emitted during the regeneration of a Diesel particulate Filter Energy & Fuels 21 2007 1543 1547
- Bergmann , M. , Kirchner , U. , Vogt , R. , Benter , T. On-road and laboratory investigation of low-level PM emissions of a modern diesel particulate filter equipped diesel passenger car Atmospheric Environment 43 2009 1908 1916
- Giechaskiel , B. , Riccobono , F. , Vlachos , T. , Mendoza-Villafuerte , P. et al. 2015 Vehicle Emission Factors of Solid Nanoparticles in the Laboratory and on the Road Using Portable Emission Measurement Systems (PEMS) Frontiers in Environmental Science 2015 3 10.4271/2011-01-0600
- Cédric L. , Goriaux M. , Tassel P. , Perret P. et al. 2016 Impact of aftertreatment device and driving conditions on black carbon, ultrafine particle and NOx emissions for Euro 5 Diesel and gasoline vehicles Transportation Research Procedia 14 2016 3079 3088
- Giechaskiel , B. , Martini , G. 2011 Review on engine exhaust sub-23 nm particles JRC Scientific and Technical Reports 2011 2011 10.2788/31651
- Thompson , G.J. , Carder , D.K. , Besch , M.C. , Thiruvengadam , A. et al. 2014 In-Use Emissions Testing of Light-Duty Diesel Vehicles in the United States Final Report CAFEE 2014 10.2788/31651
- Dwyer , H. , Ayala , A. , Zhang , S. , Collins , J. et al. 2010 Emissions from a diesel car during regeneration of an active diesel particulate filter Journal of Aerosol Science 41 2010 541 552 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2010.04.001
- Zinola , S. , Leblanc , M. , Rmili , B. , Boreave , A. et al. 2015 Comprehensive analysis of phenomena during catalyzed DPF active regeneration 19th ETH-Conference on Combustion Generated Nanoparticles 2015
- Konstandopoulos , A.G. , Melas , A. , Baltzopoulou , P. , Vlachos , N. et al. 2015 Soot Deposit Evolution and the Mechanism of Particle Emissions During Regeneration in Diesel Particulate Filters 19th ETH-Conference on Combustion Generated Nanoparticles 2015
- Emanuele Cauda , Debora Fino , Guido Saracco , and Vito Specchia 2007 Secondary nanoparticle emissions during diesel particulate trap regeneration Topics in Catalysis 42-43
- Mamakos , A. , Martini , G. , Manfredi , U. 2013 Assessment of the legislated particle number measurement procedure for a Euro 5 and a Euro 6 compliant diesel passenger cars under regulated and unregulated conditions Journal of Aerosol Science 55 2013 31 47 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2012.07.012
- Liu , Z. , Shah , A.N. , Ge , Y. , Ding , Y. et al. 2011 Effects of continuously regenerating diesel particulate filters on regulated emissions and number-size distribution of particles emitted from a diesel engine Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011 23 5 798 807
- Yoon , S. , Quiros , D.C. , Dwyer , H.A. , Collins , J.F. et al. 2015 Characteristics of particle number and mass emissions during heavy-duty diesel truck parked active DPF regeneration in an ambient air dilution tunnel Atmospheric Environment 122 2015 58 64
- Quiros , D.C. , Yoon , S. , Dwyer , H.A. , Collins , J.F. et al. 2014 Measuring particulate matter emissions during parked active diesel particulate filter regeneration of heavy-duty diesel trucks Journal of Aerosol Science 73 2014 48 62
- Gordon , T.D. , Presto , A.A. , Nguyen , N.T. , Robertson , W. H. et al. 2014 Secondary organic aerosol production from diesel vehicle exhaust: impact of aftertreatment, fuel chemistry and driving cycle Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14 4643 4659
- Rothe , D. , Knauer , M. , Emmerling , G. , Deyerling , D. 2015 Emissions during active regeneration of a diesel particulate filter on a heavy duty diesel engine: Stationary tests Journal of Aerosol Science 90 2015 14 25
- Barone , T.L. Storey , J. M.E. Domingo , N. 2010 An Analysis of Field-Aged Diesel Particulate Filter Performance: Particle Emissions before, during and after Regeneration Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 2010 60 968 976
- Tang , T. , Zhang , J. , Cao , D. , Shuai , S. et al. 2014 Experimental study on filtration and continuous regeneration of a particulate filter system for heavy-duty diesel engines Journal of Environmental Sciences 26 2014 2434 2439
- Preble , C.V. , Dallmann , T.R. , Kreisberg , N.M. , Hering , S.V. et al. 2015 Effects of Particle Filters and Selective Catalytic Reduction on Heavy-Duty Diesel Drayage Truck Emissions at the Port of Oakland Environmental Science & Technology 2015 49 8864 8871
- Zhihua Liu , Yunshan Ge , Jianwei Tan , Chao He , Asad Naeem Shah , Yan Ding , Linxiao Yu , Wei Zhao 2012 Impacts of continuously regenerating trap and particle oxidation catalyst on the NO 2 and particulate matter emissions emitted from diesel engine Journal of Environmental Sciences 24 4 624 631
- Heidelberg 2013 VERT Standards and Procedures for Retrofit to reduce Diesel Engine Emissions Transport and Clean Air December 11-12 2013 Moscow Russia
- Sheng , S. 2015 Diesel Particle Filter Testing for In-Use Vehicle Retrofit 19th ETH-Conference on Combustion Generated Nanoparticles 2015
- Mayer , A. , Kasper , M. , Czerwinski , J. 2014 Nanoparticle Counts Emissions of Trucks: EURO 3 with and without DPF Compared to EURO 4 and EURO 5 Energy and Power 2014 4 1A 1 10
- Tartakovsky , L. , Baibikov , V. , Comte , P. , Czerwinski , J. et al. 2015 Ultrafine particle emissions by in-use diesel buses of various generations at low-load regimes Atmospheric Environment 107 2015 273 280
- Joshi , A. , Chatterjee , S. , and Walker , A. An Evaluation of Particle Size Distributions and Particle Number-Based Reductions from Various PM Emission Control Technologies SAE Int. J. Engines 4 1 498 507 2011 10.4271/2011-01-0600
- Vaaraslahti , K. , Virtanen , A. , Ristimäki , J. , Keskinen , J. 2004 Nucleation Mode Formation in Heavy-Duty Diesel Exhaust with and without a Particulate Filter Environmental Science & Technology 38 2004 4884 4890
- Jose Rodríguez-Fernandez , Magín Lapuerta , Jesús Sanchez-Valdepenas 2017 Regeneration of diesel particulate filters: Effect of renewable fuels Renewable Energy 104 2017 30 39
- Czerwinski , J. , Stepien , Z. , Oleksiak , S. , Andersen , O. 2011 Influences of biocomponents (RME) on Regenerations of Diesel Particle Filters Journal of KONES Powertrain and Transport 2011 18 4 10.2788/31651
- Buono , D. , Senatore , A. , Prati , M.V. 2012 Particulate filter behaviour of a Diesel engine fueled with biodiesel Applied Thermal Engineering 49 2012 147 153
- Kumar , P. , Morawska , L. , Birmili , W. , Paasonen , P. et al. 2014 Ultrafine particles in cities Environment International 66 2014 1 10